Journal of Dental Sciences and Oral Hygiene
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Article (s)
Volume 1, Issue 1 J dent Sci Oral Hygiene
Construction of Dual Gene-activated Matrix Via Coaxial Electrospinning and Its Application in Periodontal Tissue Regeneration
Geng Liu, Chun-Xia Chen, Xue Chang, Li-Li Wang
Objective: This study aimed to construct a dual gene-activated Matrix (GAM) via coaxial electrospinning and to investigate its application in periodontal tissue regeneration.
Methods: Coaxial electrospinning was used to encapsulate polyethylenimine (PEI)/ osteoprotegerin plasmid (p-OPG) cores in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to form a dual GAM with a core-shell structure. PEI-PLGA core–shell nanoscaffolds were also prepared as a control. The average fiber diameters, mechanical properties, cell toxicities, p-OPG release behaviors, and OPG protein expressions of the prepared materials were compared to determine the utility of the scaffolds. Mouse experiments were used to study the effects of the dual GAM scaffolds on osteogenesis rates and their value in periodontal tissue regeneration.
Results: There were no significant differences between the mean diameters (P > 0.05) and mechanical properties (P > 0.05) of the fibers in each sample. No p-OPG was released from the control sample, whereas the amount of p-OPG released from the research sample increased over time (P < 0.05). The optical densities of both samples increased over time and there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Over time, the transient transfection efficiency of the research sample gradually decreased and the OPG protein expression gradually increased. This was significantly different from the results for the control sample (P < 0.05). Finally, the bone formation rate in the research sample was higher than that in the control sample (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Coaxial electrospinning can be used to construct dual GAMs. A PEI/p-OPG-PLGA core–shell GAM scaffold was prepared and cultured with periodontal ligament stem cells. There was very little cytotoxicity and the OPG plasmid was slowly and continuously released, transfected to the target cells, and continuously expressed. In mouse experiments, the PEI/p-OPG-PLGA core–shell GAM scaffolds promoted bone growth, indicating that they have considerable potential for periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Efficacy of Mechanical, Subsonic, Ultrasonic and Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming techniques in reducing Enterococcus faecalis in severely curved root canals: An ex vivo study
Osvaldo Zmener, Cornelis H Pameijer and Roberto Della Port
The aim of the study was to compare in vitro the efficacy of Photon-induced Photoacoustic Streaming (PIPS) with EndoActivator (EA), Ultrasound (PUI), XP-endo Finisher (XP) and conventional needle irrigation (CNI) in reducing Enterococcus faecalis from severely curved root canals. Fifty-four extracted human mandibular premolars with 35-45 degree canal curvature were prepared and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA. After preparation the canals were autoclaved and then inoculated with E. faecalis. Fifty teeth were assigned to 5 experimental groups (n=10 each), while 4 teeth were used as positive and negative controls (n=2 each). In the experimental groups, the inoculated canals were irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and the solution agitated with EA, XP, PUI or PIPS. In Group 5, the canals were irrigated without agitation using the CNI technique. Samples of canal contamination were obtained before and after irrigant agitation using sterile paper points. The infected material was vortexed in sterile saline. After serial dilutions, aliquots were plated on blood agar plates and incubated for 30 days. Microbial reduction/removal in the canals was determined by counting colony formed units (CFUs). Data was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn´s multiple comparison test. Significance was established at P<0.05. The positive controls presented high concentration of CFUs. The negative controls showed no bacterial growth. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between EA, XP, PUI and PIPS groups in their antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis but there was a significant difference (P<0.05) with the CNI Group. Although EA, XP, PUI and PIPS were comparable in their ability to reduce E. faecalis from severely curved root canals none of them including the CNI samples were capable of effectively eliminating the total microbial load.
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